The Cockroach By Kevin Halligan Essay - 1834 Words

Born in the early 1960’s, Kevin Halligan was a Canadian poet who explored different parts of the world from a very young age on. The Cockroach, which is one of his most famous works, is a potential reflection of his experiences and the insights he has gained as an individual, while embarking on a journey of self-actualization. Through the cockroach, we get to see a sense of uncertainty, and a difficult process of contemplation that Halligan undergoes before realizing something that is crucial in his period of existence. Halligan takes us on a journey, which centralizes upon a vital character, a mere cockroach. We see this central body embark on a journey where he finds his true self and establishes a purpose for his life. A feel of positive existentialism is felt across the poem, and the reader is constantly questioning the purpose of every move made by the cockroach. The key instrument Halligan uses in order to emphasize further on his personal thoughts and this strong story is the use of his uniquely grasping diction. Just like any other poem, diction plays a key role in setting a tone and sending across a message to the reader. In order to effectively use diction, a poet must be clearly aware of the purpose, or the story that he or she is intending to put across. To a great extent, the relevant themes of self-realization and existentialism are brought out through the effective and efficient use of diction in Kevin Halligan’s The Cockroach. Halligan does so brilliantly inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kevin Halligan s The Cockroach1975 Words   |  8 Pages This essay examines the question ‘To what extent does the use of diction highlight significant themes of self-realization and existentialism in Kevin Halligan’s The Cockroach?† The essay first off addresses the influences on the poet, Halligan himself, which would have led him to encounter trials and tribulations in his life. The idea of a journey, a process of learning is established further on. The concept of self-realization is then linked into how this poem is a perfect mirror of the real lifeRead MoreConcerns about Human Conditions in Poems, Summer Farm and The Cockroach by Poets Norman MacCaig and Kevin Halligan851 Words   |  3 PagesThe poets Norman MacCaig and Kevin Halligan express their concern about the human condition in the poems ‘Summer Farm’ and ‘The Cockroach’. As they investigate the role and identity of the individual, the theme of self-reflection is revealed. The title of the poem ‘Summer Farm’ is rather misleading. At first look, it brings us a feeling of warmth and good memories, which are usually related to the summer. ‘Farm’ evokes the same effect with the addition to the visual imagery of animals and natureRead MoreThe Cockroach by Kevin Kalligan1006 Words   |  4 PagesKevin Halligan was born in Toronto, Canada in 1964. He regards himself as an Anglophile and has spent long periods of time living in England, but has also travelled in Asia, where this poem, ‘The Cockroach’, was written. ‘The Cockroach’, is a short passage of a cockroach and how it made its way around a room, moving in lines and loops. It uses many different forms of imagery to depict the cockroach giving it emotion and character. In this poem he apparently focuses an intense concentration on anRead MoreLiterature Marking Scheme9477 Words   |  38 PagesDifferent History’ Gerard Manley Hopkins, ‘Pied Beauty’ Allen Curnow, ‘Continuum’ Edwin Muir, ‘Horses’ Judith Wright, ‘Hunting Snake’ Ted Hughes, ‘Pike’ Christina Rossetti, ‘A Birthday’ Dante Gabriel Rossetti, ‘The Woodspurge’ Kevin Halligan, ‘The Cockroach’ Margaret Atwood, ‘The City Planners’ Boey Kim Cheng, ‘The Planners’ Norman MacCaig, ‘Summer Farm’ Elizabeth Brewster, ‘Where I Come From’ William Wordsworth, ‘Sonnet Composed Upon Westminster Bridge’ Songs of Ourselves: The University

Character Symbolism In Animal Farm - 705 Words

A History of Soviet Communists, through the eyes of Animal Farm How successful did George Orwell use character symbolism in Animal Farm; to represent the major founders of Soviet communist idealism? English Literature Contents Introduction 3 Old Major 4 Snowball and Napoleon 5 Introduction Symbolism is a literary device and a form of indirect expression. It enables the author to demonstrate reality, while giving the reader the opportunity to conclude and analyze. Thus it adds depth to the meaning of the literary work. It functions as pictures and colors in art that represent thoughts and emotions. Animal Farm is a fable. A fable is a story, in which all characters are animals symbolizing real life individuals or social classes.†¦show more content†¦Snowball resembles Trotsky, who took control of the military, and was successful in creating a victory against Krensky in November. Trotsky also set the Red army that succeeded in ending civil war in Russia in 1920. Trotsky created an economic plan that evolved trade with other nations. Considered as an internationalist, he was exiled in 1928 by Stalin: the last major character in the story, who is Napoleon. Napoleon used studded dogs with collars to spread fear among animals and exile Snowball. A similar power was used by Stalin, in which he used the secret police. Napoleon also followed snowball’s schemes, but he put animals under harsh working conditions. Such conditions were common among the Soviet Union, where ten million workers died, due to starvation. Even though, growth was apparent in both the Soviet Union and Animal Farm, workers’ conditions didn’t improve. Soviet economy posted an estimated average annual growth rate in gross national product (GNP) of 5.8% from 1928 to 1940, 5.7% from 1950 to 1960, and 5.2% from 1960 to 1970 (Investopedia). Only the Bolshevik party or pigs took advantage of the growth and used propaganda to show otherwise. Conclusion George Orwell showed dexterity in creating obvious resemblance between both the story characters and the Soviet leaders. Therefore, Animal Farm could be considered a true master piece in the usage ofShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1310 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Animal Farm Although they claimed the farm to be a utopia, the pigs secretly were deceiving their fellow animals and turning the farm into a dystopia. In George Orwell s Animal Farm all of the animals are mistreated by Farmer Jones, but they wish to be treated as equals and live in a utopia so they rebel and take over the farm. The animals first write commandments to avoid chaos, but the leader pigs selfishly modify the commandments in their favor. In the end, the farm is worse offRead MoreAnimal Farm Film Analysis838 Words   |  4 Pages This essay is a comparative analysis between the film and novel, Animal Farm. Animal Farm was written by George Orwell in 1943 and published on the 17th of August 1945. A motion picture of the novel was later produced on the 29th of December 1954 by director Joy Bachelor. There are many differences and similarities between the novel and film involving the use of characters, symbolism, themes, dialogue and events. Animal farm was a successful novel as the length was 112 pages, therefore the movieRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1212 Words   |  5 PagesShe stood there over the dead animals thinking to herself what have we come to? We try to become free but we just enslave ourselves to a so called superior kind. Napoleon killed the animals in front of the whole farm and said that this was to be the punishment for the traitors. Snowball was known as a traitor now and anyone conspiring with him would be killed. Snowball and Napoleon both represent historical characters during the Russian revolution in 1917.Snowball who was one of the smartest pigsRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1460 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of Animal Farm A quote from Wayne Dyer, a late American author and motivational speaker, says that â€Å"[f]reedom means you are unobstructed in living your life as you choose. Anything less is a form of slavery.† This promotes the idea that ultimate freedom to control one’s life is the only way to live. One way to achieve this freedom, if not given, is to stage a revolution against authority. In Animal Farm, a novel by George Orwell, parallels are drawn between his characters and the majorRead MoreAnimal Farm is an allegory that was written by George Orwell that tells the story of the Russian800 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm is an allegory that was written by George Orwell that tells the story of the Russian Revolution and the Soviet Union by using a great deal of symbolism. Three things that Orwell represented in his allegory were the leaders of the Russian Revolution/Soviet Union, the government, and even objects that were important to the Revolution. In Animal Farm George Orwell used his characters to represent the leaders of the Soviet Union and the people of Russia. Mr. Jones, the farmer whom the animalsRead MoreGeorge Orwell‚Äà ´s Animal Farm: The Rise of Communism1207 Words   |  5 Pagesof communism in Russia throughout the book Animal Farm by the accurate elucidation of the context in the Soviet Union from 1917-1945. Orwell’s attitude and political view towards Russia is evident in his representation of the farm animals on Communist Party leaders: Napoleon and Snowball, for example, are figurations of Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky, respectively. He expresses the anthropomorphic characters of farm animals, and major events in Animal Farm such as the Rebellion and the constructionRead MoreHow Has George Orwell Used Animal Farm to Present His View of Human Nature?789 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwell’s Animal Farm is a satirical allegory through which he presents his cynical view of human nature. He uses the animal fable effectively to expose the issues of injustice, exploitation and inequality in human society. Orwell uses the allegory, Animal Farm, to present the story of The Russian Revolution and essentially express his opinions on the matter. By plainly exposing the unjust and corrupt system that is communism, Orwell is ultimately presenting his pessimistic view of humanRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell944 Words   |  4 PagesIt was a pig walking on his hind legs(Orwell 132). He carried a whip in his trotter(Orwell 133). In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, animals have the ability to talk and form their own ethos, Animalism. Animal Farm is an intriguing allegory by George Orwell, who is also the author of 1984, includes many enjoyable elements. More knowledge of the author, his use of allegorical elements, themes, symbols, and the significance in the real world, allows the reader to get more out of this glanceRead MoreThe Use of Distortion as a Literary Device in George Orwells Animal Farm580 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Farm, by George Orwell, is an excellent example of di stortion as a literary device. The story is set up as a fable using a third person objective viewpoint and personification of animals to represent historical figures and stereotypes. Distortion can also be found in much of the symbolism throughout the novel. Similar to a fable, Animal Farm makes use of personification. In the story, farm animals are used to represent different classes of people, from the average working man to governmentRead MoreSymbolism in Animal Farm Essay562 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Farm has been described as  ¨a satire on the Russian revolution ¨, as a result, many symbolisms can be found in this book. However, Orwell also associates  ¨certain real characters with the characters of the book. ¨ This is proved by Snowball and Napoleon, characters which represent Leon Trotsky and Stalin, respectively. However, this are not the only symbolisms. Throughout the novel, we find out that Napoleon is always surrounded and supported by the pigs. Pigs which might represent

Multitasking free essay sample

Day in, Day out we all start our day doing more than one thing at a time. The morning starts with ironing our clothes while we listen to the news, delegating tasks to our family members to get our day going in what we call a productive manner, or better yet, â€Å"killing two birds with one stone. † We are all guilty of some form of multi-tasking. The article written by Alina Tugend gives an outlook on the art of multi-tasking and the effects. Reading the article the author wants us to think about how often we are multi-tasking without being aware of it. She wants us to think about the effects this has on our daily activities. Recognizing that multi-tasking is not doing more than one thing productively, but shifting focus which may not be beneficial to us. How hard it is to return to the task at hand, it delays our attention to detail causing us to be less productive. We will write a custom essay sample on Multitasking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Multitasking can be a distraction causing injury and harm mentally and physically. The information given in the essay is to be used to identify a problem that we as an audience are unaware of. The article gives information to be considered, with supportive information following. She wants us to use the information to make changes to our daily activities. The intended audience is everyone, anyone guilty of utilizing more than one body function at a time to produce a greater outcome as a result. The author made the assumption that we are all guilty of multi-tasking. That today’s society can only operate while doing several things, that we are all unaware of it as being a problem. Trying to multitask will affect everyone the same. The author has identified various things we do on a daily basis and combined them with what individuals are able to put together, ex: walking and texting. She has drawn her opinion on a large number of people not specific to one race, gender, or age group. Everyone has been included is this unconscious event, what some consider to be a skill mastered. Politics does play a factor in the development of this essay; the author believes that the audience knew how often we were multi-tasking and that we believe it’s not a problem, but that it helps us to be more efficient and productive. The author is guilty in this case of utilizing the multi-tasking trait herself and is able to empathize with the audience. The author presents a stance towards the end of the article that acknowledges her own mishap of checking her email while writing the article. Direct connection to the purpose of the article is identified the writer doesn’t feel it’s beneficial to multitask. The writer has a positive attitude to the topic and supports the fact that multi-tasking can make you lose focus. The stance is openly stated, but as you read through the article from that point on you can hear what the author is saying about their perspective on multi-tasking. In conclusion the article was very informative; it brought to light what we fail to see as a problem. She offers several perspectives from different studies. It does show that multi-tasking will make you lose focus. Interruptions are apart of multitasking, you have to shift you focus from what your doing to what’s trying to get your attention. After several interruptions you lose focus and are unable to get right back on task causing you to be stressed and frustrated, not beneficial factors in multi-tasking. The author has convinced me that multi-tasking is an issue that a lot of us can relate to. It has become a norm to our society and has come to be accepted as part of our daily routine, if you can’t multitask then you may fall behind. In reality multitasking is what’s really causing the delay. It can cause harm to you and your well being, if we just take the time to sit and concentrate on one thing at a time, single-tasking can be beneficial to our health and relationships as well.

The ABCs of RFPs - The Writers For Hire

THE ABCS OF RFPS New to proposal writing? It helps to learn the language. If you’re new to the world of proposals, it’s all too easy to get lost in a sea of acronyms, industry jargon, formatting rules, and submission guidelines. What’s the difference between an RFI and an RFP? How do you respond to an RFQ? What is a SOW? Is your company a WOSM or an SDVO? When do you send an LOI? And WTH (what the heck) is SAM? This quick guide will help you decipher and make sense of some of the most common RFP lingo. RFP vs. RFI vs. RFQ: What’s the difference? Before we dive into what makes them different, let’s talk about what RFPs, RFIs, and RFQs have in common: They all help companies, government entities, and organizations find vendors that will provide the best services or products, for the right price. (Of course, there’s a little more to it than that. But for the purposes of this blog, we’re going to keep things basic.)The major difference here is the length, the type of information, and level of detail you’ll need to provide in your response.An RFQ — or request for quotation is all about the bottom line. When an organization sends out an RFQ, they know they want certain products or services delivered over a certain time period — and they’re looking for a vendor who can provide those products or services for the best price. Note: an RFQ is essentially the same as an IFB, or â€Å"invitation for bid† — don’t let the names throw you off. They’re asking for the same thing.An RFI — or request for information — is like a mini-RFP. Organizations often put out RFIs as a way to gather big-picture information and answer questions that will help them refine their search, more clearly define their needs, and vet potential vendors. The RFI process is a little like speed-dating in that it offers a quick, no-commitment way for organizations and potential vendors to get a feel for each other, decide if they want the same things, and figure out if there’s potential to take things to the next level. At this stage in the game, it’s all about the big picture. If your organization receives an RFI, you’ll probably be expected to provide the following information: A company overview that includes things like how long you’ve been in business, any certifications, licenses, or awards you’ve received, and your areas of expertise A company org chart, plus bi os and/or resumes for your key personnel A general budget/cost estimate References and/or case studies from similar jobs and clients An RFI response is typically much shorter than an RFP response — and in some cases, there may even be a maximum page count. Responses should be clear, concise, well-written, and not too wordy. An RFP — or â€Å"request for proposal† is the largest, most detailed, and most comprehensive of the three. A typical RFP combines elements of an RFQ and an RFI, plus specific information about the scope of work (SOW) and the vendor’s ability to perform the work or provide the services outlined in the SOW. When you respond to an RFP, you should be ready to answer detailed questions about everything from your company’s hiring and staffing processes to technology and security measures to your financial standing.In addition to answering questions, you’ll likely need to provide documentation such as: A letter of credit from your bank Proof of insurance coverage Employee training materials and documentation An implementation plan and a transition plan Case studies and/or letters of reference from previous or current clients Depending on the organization issuing the RFP, your response could vary in length from 50 pages to well over 100. In addition to ensuring that you’ve answered every question and responded to every item on the RFP, you’ll also need to make sure that you follow formatting instructions to the letter and leave yourself time for proofreading and fact-checking before the deadline.Note: In many cases, the issuer of the RFP will require that vendors send a letter of interest (LOI) before responding to an RFP. An LOI is a simple, to-the-point letter that formally announces your intention to prepare and submit a proposal. Where You Can Find RFPs ? Public and private companies and nonprofit organizations typically send RFPs and RFIs directly to a p re-selected list of vendors. Government agencies, however, are required to publicly issue RFPs to ensure a fair and transparent bidding process (this is especially good news for smaller or younger companies who may not have the name recognition necessary for private invites). If you’re looking for opportunities, check out your local city or state government websites. You can also use searchable databases that compile and maintain lists of open government RFPs. Not sure where to look? Here are a few starting points: The Request for Proposal Database. This free, searchable site lets you browse hundreds of government and nonprofit RFPs in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. You can search by the type of service needed, and by location, and you can even pick up a few tips for crafting a winning proposal. Federal Business Opportunities. Search federal contract opportunities worth $25,000 or more. If you’re new to the site (or to the RFP process in general), be sure to ch eck out their handy user guides. GovernmentBids.com. Search more than 35,000 RFPs and opportunities sorted by category and state. The best part of this site? You can also sign up for free email alerts customized to your industry and location, which means you’ll never miss an opportunity. GSA Acquisition Gateway. Although this site is primarily aimed at helping government agencies find qualified vendors and services providers, it does have some pretty great resources for vendors. And be sure to check out their related site, the GSA Vendor Support Center for even more tools and information. Small business set-asides If you’re a small business owner, you’re likely aware of the government’s small business set-asides, which helps ensure that small or under-utilized businesses have the opportunity to bid for — and win — government contracts. Some set-asides are open to all small businesses, and others are reserved for businesses that fit certain criteria or hold specific certifications, such as: 8(a) Business Development: This program is for companies that are at least 51 percent owned and operated by socially and economically disadvantaged people.HUBZone Program: This program encourages economic development in historically underutilized business zones.Women Owned Small Business (WOSB) Program: This program is for small businesses owned by women.Service Disabled Veteran Owned (SDVO) Program: This program is for businesses owned by disabled veterans. If your organization fits into any of these categories, you may gain a small advantage. It’s definitely worth a look. A final note on this: If you want to see a (darkly) funny take on small business set-asides, check out the 2016 film, â€Å"War Dogs.† Based on a true story, the movie follows a pair of gun dealers who pursue government weapons contracts through small government set asides. Ready to get started? We could, quite literally, write a book about RFPs. Several books, probably. The learning curve required to write a winning proposal — combined with the often-intimidating list of required materials and documentation — can be a bit intimidating even if you’ve been through the RFI or RFP process a few times. That said, the process of crafting a solid, well-written proposal does get easier — especially if you know the lingo.

Acid Rain essays

Acid Rain essays The concept of acid rain is often misunderstood by the vast majority of the world, however, most realize that it is a problem. The burning of fossil fuels has released pollutants into our earths atmosphere. Once airborne, the pollutants form acidic compounds by combining with water in the atmosphere, hence the name acid rain. The precipitation then reaches the earths surface by means of fog, mist, rain or snow, as well as in dry form. While the substances that produce acid rain also occur naturally, it is the man-made contributions that have transformed acid rain into an environmental problem. Acid rain causes the acidification of streams and lakes, contributes to damage of highly elevated trees, and also contributes to the cause of lung cancer and other major health problems to humans. Another concern about acid rain that has not been previously mentioned is the accelerating decay of building materials and paints, which includes many irreplaceable buildings, statues, sculptures, and monuments that are a part of our nations cultural heritage. If these monuments are destroyed, they can never be replaced, which will be the focus of this report. Before speaking of the direct effects of acid rain on materials, the process of the formation of acid rain must be understood. We now know that the primary causes of acid rain are emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO ) and nitrogen oxides (NO ). When Sulfur is emitted into the air, it is in the form of the SO gas. Naturally, there is not a significant amount of SO gas in the air, so the gas transfers through a series of oxidation reactions, resulting in the formation of H SO , or sulfuric acid. This acid can then dissolve in rainwater and lower the pH of precipitation dramatically. On the other hand, NO gases are formed through a completely different process. Naturally, the atmosphere contains a large percentage of N gas. High temperatures associated with the burn...

Martin Van Buren Biography and Presidency

Martin Van Buren Biography and Presidency Martin Van Burens Childhood and Education: Martin Van Buren was born on December 5, 1782 in Kinderhook, New York. He was of Dutch ancestry and grew up in relative poverty. He worked at his fathers tavern and attended a small local school. He was finished with with formal education by the age of 14. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1803. Family Ties: Van Buren was the son of  Abraham, a farmer and tavern keeper, and  Maria Hoes Van Alen, a widow with three children. He had one half-sister and half-brother along with two sisters, Dirckie and Jannetje and two brothers, Lawrence and Abraham.  On February 21, 1807, Van Buren married  Hannah Hoes, a distant relative to his mother. She died in 1819 at 35, and he did not remarry. Together they had four children: Abraham, John, Martin, Jr., and Smith Thompson.   Martin Van Burens Career Before the Presidency: Van Buren became a lawyer in 1803. In 1812, he was elected a New York State Senator. He was then elected to the US Senate in 1821. He worked while Senator to support Andrew Jackson in the Election of 1828. He held the seat of New York Governor for only three months in 1829 before becoming Jacksons Secretary of State (1829-31). He was Jacksons Vice President during his second term (1833-37). Election of 1836: Van Buren was unanimously nominated to be President by the Democrats. Richard Johnson was his Vice Presidential nominee. He was not opposed by a single candidate. Instead, the newly created Whig Party came up with a strategy to throw the election into the House where they felt they could have a better chance of winning. They chose three candidates who they felt could do well in particular regions. Van Buren won 170 out of 294 electoral votes to win the presidency. Events and Accomplishments of Martin Van Burens Presidency: Van Burens administration began with a depression that lasted from 1837 until 1845 called the Panic of 1837. Over 900 banks eventually closed and many people went unemployed. To combat this, Van Buren fought for an Independent Treasury to help ensure the safe deposit of funds. Contributing to his failure to be elected to a second term, the public blamed Van Buren’s domestic policies for the 1837 depression, Newspapers hostile to his presidency referred to him as â€Å"Martin Van Ruin.†    Issues arose with British held Canada during Van Burens time in office. One such event was the so-called Aroostook War of 1839. This nonviolent conflict arose over thousands of miles where the Maine/Canadian border had no defined boundary. When a Maine authority tried to send Canadians out of the region, militias were called forward. Van Buren was able to make peace through General Winfield Scott before fighting began. Texas applied for statehood after gaining independence in 1836. If admitted, it would have become another slave state which was opposed by the Northern states. Van Buren, wishing to help fight against sectional slavery issues, agreed with the North. Also, he continued Jacksons policies concerning the Seminole Indians. In 1842, the Second Seminole War ended with the Seminoles being defeated. Post Presidential Period: Van Buren was defeated for reelection by William Henry Harrison in 1840. He tried again in 1844 and 1848 but lost both of those elections. He then decided to retire from public life in New York. However, he did serve as a presidential elector for both  Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan. He also endorsed Stephen Douglas over Abraham Lincoln. He died on July 2, 1862 of heart failure. Historical Significance: Van Buren can be considered an average president. While his time in office was not marked by many major events, the Panic of 1837 ultimately led to the creation of an independent Treasury. His stance helped avoid open conflict with Canada. Further, his decision to maintain sectional balance delayed admitting Texas to the Union until 1845.

Management Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management Problem - Essay Example If the leader/manager cannot handle such situations, company’s productivity and development would surely be hindered. Solving the problems within the company is not a one way process, the leader/manager is not the only picture on the image, rather it should be the leader/manager and the labor force. This paper will give focus on the management problem of Mr. Charley Newton on his new assignment. It will center primarily on the challenges of his leadership skills on how he will address the poor sales performance in southeast region. His ability on how he will manage his new appointment as vice president of southeast region determines his future career in Cabot Corporation. According to Fernandez, â€Å"80% to 90% of the sales are made by 20% of the sales force." This statement is very disappointing to know on what has been contributed by the 80% sales force. It relates to the problem of Mr. Newton in his new assignment in southeast region which is a serious issue that determines his future career. He had handled various assignments in his 10 years of stay in Cabot Corporation that is why the management has high expectations on him. He is being assigned to a worst performing region expecting that he can settle the problems in terms of the sales performance. It had been a problem for the corporation knowing that southeast region has a huge number of perspective customers (farmers), but still it ranks to be at the lowest, and fails the management expectations. The unsatisfactory sales performance of the region is one of the problems that Mr. Newton has to face. He also needs to perceive why is that the 26 divisional offices of the regions considered the mselves autonomous. The product produced by Cabot Corporation is positively viewed as a good one that is why it is being accepted in the entire world; therefore, this could not be the cause of the problem. Buyers are also not the reason given that there are so many farmers in southeast region. Thus, the cause